Wednesday, June 20, 2012

Colo. firefighters make progress on large wildfire

Smoke billows from the High Park Fire west of Fort Collins, Colo., on Monday, June 18, 2012. The wildfire has now burned about 90 square miles and destroyed more than 180 homes. (AP Photo/Ed Andrieski)

Smoke billows from the High Park Fire west of Fort Collins, Colo., on Monday, June 18, 2012. The wildfire has now burned about 90 square miles and destroyed more than 180 homes. (AP Photo/Ed Andrieski)

Smoke plumes rise from the High Park Fire west of Fort Collins, Colo., on Monday, June 18, 2012. The wildfire has now burned about 90 square miles and destroyed more than 180 homes. (AP Photo/The Denver Post, Eric Lutzens) MAGS OUT; TV OUT; INTERNET OUT

Emily Katz from Overland Park, Kansas pets one of the nearly 140 horses that were evacuated from the Springer Fire area on Monday, June 18, 2012. Katz works with the horses at Sanborn Camps near Florissant and was evacuated from her camp on Sunday. The horses are being boarded at the Teller County Fair Grounds in Cripple Creek, Colorado. (AP Photo/The Gazette, Jerilee Bennett)

In this Sunday, June 17, 2012, photo, Fort Collins police officers, Department of Wildlife managers and Colorado Parks and Wildlife veterinarians work together to lift a tranquilized moose onto a stretcher in a neighborhood in west Fort Collins, Colo. The moose, fleeing a wildfire, swam across Horsetooth Reservoir, wildlife officials said. (AP Photo/The Coloradoan, Dawn Madura) NO SALES

Smoke billows from the High Park Fire west of Fort Collins, Colo., on Monday, June 18, 2012. The wildfire has now burned about 90 square miles and destroyed more than 180 homes. (AP Photo/Ed Andrieski)

(AP) ? Firefighters are making progress on a 92-square-mile wildfire in northern Colorado that has destroyed more homes than any other in state history, but more residents were warned Tuesday to be ready to leave because of a spot fire that ignited near the main fire.

The large blaze west of Fort Collins was 50 percent contained after firefighters labored in temperatures in the 90s to extend lines around the fire Monday. Expected strong winds didn't materialize, but gusts of around 30 mph were forecast Tuesday along with more hot, dry weather.

The fire already has destroyed at least 189 homes since it was sparked by lightning June 9. Incident commander Bill Hahnenberg said it could be weeks or even months before it's finally controlled.

The wildfire is one of several across the West forcing people to flee, including another blaze in Colorado that has driven out nuns living in a monastery, Boy Scouts at camp and residents of about 150 homes.

The Protection of the Holy Virgin Monastery evacuated as a precaution Sunday after the fire started in the foothills west of Colorado Springs.

A nun who returned to feed the chickens at the remote monastery Tuesday said the fire was about two miles from the site. She said sacred items from the chapel, including a chalice, along with insurance papers and historical documents were removed Sunday as slurry bombers flew over the property.

That fire has burned nearly 2 square miles, and fire managers said it still has the potential to grow in an area where logs are drier than pine boards from a lumber yard.

In California, firefighters got a break from predicted overnight winds and were able to contain 75 percent of a 900-acre wildfire in mountainous eastern San Diego County, officials said Tuesday.

Despite high wind warnings, it remained calm around the fire east of Campo, so firefighters increased containment from 30 percent to 75 percent, said Capt. Mike Mohler of the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection.

More than 800 firefighters were battling the rural blaze, and full containment was expected Wednesday night.

At least one house has burned and 150 homes have been evacuated. Evacuation orders remained in effect Tuesday because of road conditions and emergency equipment in the area, Mohler said.

Elsewhere:

? In Idaho, a fast-moving wildfire near Mountain Home destroyed five homes and several outbuildings Monday evening. The blaze quickly moved through the area as Southwest Idaho remained under a red flag warning Sunday and Monday because of high temperatures, low humidity and high winds ? conditions conducive to explosive and destructive fires.

? In Wyoming, more resources were being sent to help battle a 2,000-acre wildfire in the Medicine Bow National Forest. The fire was spotted Sunday and tripled in size Monday because of strong winds. Residents of widely scattered ranches and cabins in the area have been advised to evacuate.

? In Nevada, a 10,000-acre wildfire north of Ely was 15 percent contained. Aerial mapping showed the fire was smaller than thought.

? In New Mexico, firefighters were taking advantage of favorable weather conditions to battle a wildfire that has destroyed 242 homes and businesses. More than 1,100 firefighters remained in Ruidoso as they fight to hold the Little Bear Fire that is now 60 percent contained. Another fire broke out Monday and burned three structures along a 5-mile stretch of the San Juan River in far northwestern New Mexico. The fire, burning east of Bloomfield, is 30 percent contained.

The fire in the Gila Wilderness, already the largest in state history, grew another 1,000 acres to 463 square miles and is 80 percent contained.

? In Arizona, firefighters were building containment lines around a 3,700-acre blaze on the Tonto National Forest to try to protect electric transmission lines that provide power to the state's major metropolitan areas.

? In northwest Nebraska, a fire burning on an estimated 3,000 acres has been partially contained.

? In Hawaii, the upcountry Kula fire was declared 90 percent contained Tuesday morning. The wildfire burned six acres and damaged three homes.

Associated Press

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'India to offer 3 MT of wheat to private buyers'

NEW DELHI: India decided to offer 3 million tonnes of wheat to private buyers and an extra 6 million tonnes of grains to states for supply to the poor at cheaper rates, the Food Minister said on Tuesday.

A ministers' panel decided to offer wheat to businesses, and rice and wheat to state governments for distribution, K.V. Thomas told reporters, as the government tries to trim bulging grain stocks.

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John Cabot, Italian Bankers and the New World

[unable to retrieve full-text content]New research shows that the explorer John Cabot had some Italian backers, and possibly did not perish on his last voyage.

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Tuesday, June 19, 2012

Carbon is key for getting algae to pump out more oil

ScienceDaily (June 18, 2012) ? Overturning two long-held misconceptions about oil production in algae, scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory show that ramping up the microbes' overall metabolism by feeding them more carbon increases oil production as the organisms continue to grow.

The findings -- published online in the journal Plant and Cell Physiology on May 28, 2012 -- may point to new ways to turn photosynthetic green algae into tiny "green factories" for producing raw materials for alternative fuels.

"We are interested in algae because they grow very quickly and can efficiently convert carbon dioxide into carbon-chain molecules like starch and oils," said Brookhaven biologist Changcheng Xu, the paper's lead author. With eight times the energy density of starch, algal oil in particular could be an ideal raw material for making biodiesel and other renewable fuels.

But there have been some problems turning microscopic algae into oil producing factories.

For one thing, when the tiny microbes take in carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, they preferentially convert the carbon into starch rather than oils. "Normally, algae produce very little oil," Xu said.

Before the current research, the only way scientists knew to tip the balance in favor of oil production was to starve the algae of certain key nutrients, like nitrogen. Oil output would increase, but the algae would stop growing -- not ideal conditions for continuous production.

Another issue was that scientists didn't know much about the details of oil biochemistry in algae. "Much of what we thought we knew was inferred from studies performed on higher plants," said Brookhaven biochemist John Shanklin, a co-author who's conducted extensive research on plant oil production. Recent studies have hinted at big differences between the microbial algae and their more complex photosynthetic relatives.

"Our goal was to learn all we could about the factors that contribute to oil production in algae, including those that control metabolic switching between starch and oil, to see if we could shift the balance to oil production without stopping algae growth," Xu said.

The scientists grew cultures of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii -- the "fruit fly" of algae -- under a variety of nutrient conditions, with and without inhibitors that would limit specific biochemical pathways. They also studied a mutant Chlamydomonas that lacks the capacity to make starch. By comparing how much oil accumulated over time in the two strains across the various conditions, they were able to learn why carbon preferentially partitions into starch rather than oil, and how to affect the process.

The main finding was that feeding the algae more carbon (in the form of acetate) quickly maxed out the production of starch to the point that any additional carbon was channeled into high-gear oil production. And, most significantly, under the excess carbon condition and without nutrient deprivation, the microbes kept growing while producing oil.

"This overturns the previously held dogma that algae growth and increased oil production are mutually exclusive," Xu said.

The detailed studies, conducted mainly by Brookhaven research associates Jilian Fan and Chengshi Yan, showed that the amount of carbon was the key factor determining how much oil was produced: more carbon resulted in more oil; less carbon limited production. This was another surprise because a lot of approaches for increasing oil production have focused on the role of enzymes involved in producing fatty acids and oils. In this study, inhibiting enzyme production had little effect on oil output.

"This is an example of a substantial difference between algae and higher plants," said Shanklin.

In plants, the enzymes directly involved in the oil biosynthetic pathway are the limiting factors in oil production. In algae, the limiting step is not in the oil biosynthesis itself, but further back in central metabolism.

This is not all that different from what we see in human metabolism, Xu points out: Eating more carbon-rich carbohydrates pushes our metabolism to increase oil (fat) production and storage.

"It's kind of surprising that, in some ways, we're more like algae than higher plants are," Xu said, noting that scientists in other fields may be interested in the details of metabolic switching uncovered by this research.

But the next step for the Brookhaven team will be to look more closely at the differences in carbon partitioning in algae and plants. This part of the work will be led by co-author Jorg Schwender, an expert in metabolic flux studies. The team will also work to translate what they've learned in a model algal species into information that can help increase the yield of commercial algal strains for the production of raw materials for biofuels.

This research was funded by the DOE Office of Science and the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by DOE/Brookhaven National Laboratory.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. J. Fan, C. Yan, C. Andre, J. Shanklin, J. Schwender, C. Xu. Oil accumulation is controlled by carbon precursor supply for fatty acid synthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant and Cell Physiology, 2012; DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcs082

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

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Monday, June 18, 2012

Toyota fire probe expanded to 1.4 million autos

The Detroit Bureau

NHTSA has nearly doubled the number of Toyota vehicles, such as this 2007 Camry, now involved in a potential fire hazard investigation.

By Paul A. Eisenstein, The Detroit Bureau

Federal safety investigators have broadly expanded an investigation into a potential fire hazard that now involves about 1.4 million Toyota cars and sport utility vehicles.

According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, the automaker is looking into reports that the window switches on the driver?s side doors of a number of different Toyota models can overheat and catch fire.? The problem has so far been linked to 161 fires and nine injuries.

Ford opens new Silicon Valley lab

The announcement of the expanded probe comes as the NHTSA also moves ahead with the probe of nearly 342,000 Chevrolet Trailblazers due to reports of door fires.? And it comes days after the probe of Jeep models was expanded to cover 5 million SUVs.

The Toyota probe was initially launched in February and covered 800,000 2007 Camry sedans and RAV4 SUVs.? At the time, TheDetroitBureau.com reported that due to Toyota?s practice of making widespread use of common components, it was possible that the probe would be expanded to other models.

That, in fact, is now the case, with the NHTSA targeting an additional 800,000 vehicles, including some Yaris subcompacts from the 2007 to 2009 model years, as well as the entire 2008 Highlander Hybrid SUV run.? The NHTSA has also expanded the probe to cover Camry sedans produced in the 2008 and 2009 model years.

?There have been some sources reporting that the switches might also be used on other Toyota products, meaning that the NHTSA could further broaden the investigation.

UAW gets Chrysler board seat

The probe has not yet led to a recall and it is unclear whether one will follow.? If it does, that would be a potential setback for the Japanese automaker.? Toyota struggled with a series of major safety issues in 2009 and 2010, though two independent panels eventually cleared the manufacturer of having electronic glitches that could cause the so-called unintended acceleration problem.

Toyota, however, isn?t the only manufacturer under investigation for fire-related problems.? Last week, the NHTSA announced that a probe into potential problems with rear-mounted gas tanks has been expanded to cover more than 5 million Jeep vehicles.

Brembo brakes into the big time

And an investigation is now under way to determine the cause of a fire that consumed a garage in Texas, destroying several luxury vehicles.? Local investigators initially blamed the incident on one of those vehicles, a Fisker Karma plug-in hybrid, though the maker denounced that preliminary conclusion and has raised concerns that the cause of the fire was of suspicious origins.

Meanwhile, the? NHTSA?s probe into reports of door fires involving the Chevy Trailblazer has now moved to the next level. A reported 341,786 vehicles are involved, with the NHTSA indicating it has received 83 consumer complaints, including 28 reports of fires.

More money and business news:

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Mali PM visits Mauritania to discuss Sahel crises

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Vais Technology bringing major Android integration to car Toyota, Lexus stereos

Vais Technology is a name synonymous with OEM car stereo integration. And coming this fall, it'll be bringing some major Android integration to the factory nav screen for Toyota and Lexus vehicles. As you see in the video above, you get a relatively traditional Android experience on what looks to be a pretty crisp display. 

Vais' unit is about 5 by 4 by 1 inches and connects to the back of the radio of Lexus models from 2006-12, and 2006-09 Toyotas. (Those year models are the ones with the compatible with the high-res screens, Vias tells us.) The whole deal will run about $600.

Any takers out there for what looks to be a pretty sweet Android ride?

More: Vais Technology; Thanks to everyone who sent this in!



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